The Joint ILO/UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Application of the Recommendations concerning Teaching Personnel (CEART) has repeatedly expressed concern with the decline in employment stability in the teaching profession as both factor and consequence of de-professionalization, recommending various measures to be taken by education authorities, particularly governments, to restore the conditions necessary for job stability and professionalism in the profession. Most recently, the CEART’s 11th Session in 2012 attributed de-professionalization in part to the lowering of entry requirements into teacher education institutions and the massive hiring of unqualified and untrained teachers, and noted that fixed-term contracts contribute to increased instability and teacher turnover.