Observation (CEACR) - adoptée 1989, publiée 76ème session CIT (1989)

Convention (n° 98) sur le droit d'organisation et de négociation collective, 1949 - Malaisie (Ratification: 1961)

The Committee notes the Government's report and recalls that its comments concerned a number of provisions of the Industrial Relations Act of 1967:

- the exclusion from collective bargaining of matters concerning promotion, transfers, recruitment, dismissal without notice, the assignment of jobs (section 13(3) of the Industrial Relations Act of 1967, as amended in 1980);

- the prohibition from including, in collective agreements for so-called "pioneer enterprises" and in all other enterprises specified by the Minister, provisions that are more favourable than those contained in Part XII of the Employment Ordinance, 1955 (section 15 of the Act);

- restrictions on the right to bargain collectively for employees in public administrations other than those engaged in the administration of the State (section 52 of the Act).

1. Restrictions on the scope of collective bargaining. With regard to section 13(3), in its previous observation the Committee noted that, according to the information supplied by the Government, the matters excluded by virtue of the Act from the scope of collective bargaining were in fact negotiated. The Committee suggested that the Government could repeal this provision in order to bring its legislation into accordance with its practice and with the Convention on this point.

In its last report, the Government indicates that, within the framework of its industrial development policy, the objective of which is economic growth, employment must be able to develop without undue hinderances. It adds that, rather than withdrawing the legal restrictions regarding collective bargaining, it is for the social partners to remove these restrictions through collective negotiation. It also states that the Act gives the opportunity to negotiate questions of a general nature concerning the procedure of promotions and that in the event of refusal by an employer, a trade union may make representations to the Minister.

With regard to section 15 of the Act of 1967, which, according to the Government, is only a reserve provision to protect the so-called "pioneer enterprises", the Committee notes the Government's statement in its last report to the effect that this provision is one of the measures that it has taken to promote investment, that it furthers industrial growth and employment and that it is essential in view of the cutback in public expenditure and the emphasis given to the development of the private sector.

The Committee once again points out that, even though collective bargaining may in practice cover matters excluded under the 1967 Act by section 13, and that section 15 of the 1967 Act only concerns newly constituted enterprises for a period of five years, giving their workers the minimum employment conditions established by law, these provisions nevertheless are contrary to the principles set forth in Article 4 of the Convention which lays down that measures shall be taken to encourage and promote the full development and utilisation of machinery for voluntary negotiation with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by this means.

It therefore requests the Government to supply information in its next report on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged in order to remove the restrictions on collective bargaining contained in the law.

2. With regard to the restrictions on the right to bargain collectively of employees in public administrations, the Government indicates that it is not entirely true that these employees cannot bargain collectively since five National Joint Councils provide them with this opportunity. The Government adds, in this connection, that for five years serious negotiations have taken place within these councils and have resulted in a substantial wage rise for civil service employees.

The Committee notes this information, but points out that although discussions have taken place in National Joint Councils, their recommendations, and those of the salary commissions (which may be re-examined by the Public Service Tribunal), are submitted for approval to the Cabinet Committee, which makes the final decision. In the Committee's opinion, this system does not fully afford employees in public administrations who are not in the category of public servants covered by Article 6 of the Convention, the right to negotiate collectively their terms and conditions of employment as set out in Article 4 of the Convention.

The Committee once again requests the Government to take steps to grant employees in public administrations other than public servants engaged in the administration of the State the right to negotiate collectively, without the intervention of the public authorities.