Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) - Serbia (Ratification: 2013)

The Committee notes the Government’s second report on the application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006). The Committee notes that the amendments to the Code approved by the International Labour Conference in 2014 and 2016 entered into force for Serbia respectively on 18 January 2017 and 08 January 2019. Based on its second review of the information and documents available, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the following issues.

General questions on application. Implementing measures. In its previous comment, the Committee noted the Government’s indication that there were 2,367 Serbian seafarers working on ships operating under the flag of other countries and that there were no ships flying the Serbian flag. The Committee requested the Government to report on any future developments in the maritime sector, as well as on progress made regarding the implementation of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that: (i) the procedure of elaboration of technical rules for statutory certification of maritime ships is ongoing; (ii) the rules are planned to be adopted by the end of 2018; and (iii) the adoption of instructions on the execution of rules, standards and guidelines related to Titles 2, 3 and 4 of the Convention will follow the adoption of the technical rules. Noting the important delay regarding the initial schedule of adoption of the implementing legislation, the Committee expects that the technical rules and instructions will be adopted in the near future in order to give full effect to the provisions of the Convention.

Article VII of the Convention. Consultations. Noting that there were no active seafarers’ or shipowners’ organizations in Serbia, the Committee requested the Government to have recourse to the arrangement provided for in Article VII of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that there are still no representative organizations of shipowners in the country and that, until they are established, consultations will be made in accordance with Article VII of the Convention. The Committee takes note of this information and requests the Government to inform it about any recourse to the Special Tripartite Committee.

Article II, paragraphs 1(f), 2 and 3. Definitions and scope of application. Seafarers. The Committee notes that the existing legislation does not contain a definition of the term “seafarer”. The Committee recalls that in accordance with Article II, paragraph 1(f), the term “seafarer” means any person who is employed or engaged or works in any capacity on board a ship to which the Convention applies. The Committee requests the Government to indicate how the term “seafarer” is defined in the national legislation.

Regulation 1.1 and Standard A1.1, paragraph 4. Minimum age. Hazardous work. Noting the Government’s indication that the types of work considered as likely to jeopardize the health and safety of seafarers under the age of 18 had to be stipulated by the technical regulations for statutory certification of ships to be adopted in 2016, the Committee expressed the hope that the said regulations would be adopted in the near future. The Committee notes the Government’s information that the regulations are planned to be adopted by the end of 2018. Referring to its comments above, the Committee requests the Government to define the types of work considered hazardous in the near future to ensure conformity with the requirements of Standard A1.1, paragraph 4.

Regulation 1.4 and Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(a). Recruitment and placement. Recalling that Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(a), requires that Members prohibit seafarers’ recruitment and placement services from using means, mechanisms or lists intended to prevent or deter seafarers from gaining employment for which they are qualified, the Committee requested the Government to indicate how it gives effect to this provision of the Convention. The Committee notes that the Government provides no answer to the question above. The Committee accordingly once again requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to implement Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(a).

Regulation 1.4 and Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi). Recruitment and placement. System of protection. Recalling that Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi), requires that insurance or an equivalent appropriate measure must be in place to compensate seafarers for monetary loss they may incur as a result of the failure of a recruitment and placement service “or the relevant shipowner under the seafarers’ employment agreement to meet its obligations to them”, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to this requirement of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication in this regard that, to get an approval for conducting mediation services in employment of seafarers, the mediator is required to submit a request for issuance of an approval and an insurance policy from professional liability for financial losses that the seafarer is subject to as a result of omission in the work of the mediator in the amount of at least €5,000.00 in Serbian dinar counter-value per event. Mediators who obtain the approval are required to submit the extended insurance policies to the Ministry every year. The Government also informs that: (i) article 89, paragraph 7, of the Law on Maritime Navigation prescribes an obligation of a shipowner and/or employer to conclude an insurance or another financial guarantee for the purpose of paying the costs of repatriation of the members of the crew; and (ii) a draft Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation will be adopted by the end of 2018 to incorporate the 2014 amendments to the Code of the MLC, 2006. The Committee observes that the obligation to provide financial security in conformity with the amendments to the Convention does not affect the obligations under Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi). The Committee accordingly requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to Standard A1.4, paragraph 5(c)(vi), to compensate seafarers for monetary loss in case of failure of the relevant shipowner under the seafarers’ employment agreement to meet its obligations to them.

Regulation 2.1 and the Code. Seafarers’ employment agreements. The Committee requested the Government to provide clarifications concerning whether or not the Labour Code applies to national and foreign seafarers domiciled in Serbia engaged in ships not flying the Serbian flag. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that, pursuant to article 2, paragraphs 1 and 3, of the Labour Code, its provisions apply to employees assigned to work abroad by the employer, unless stipulated otherwise; its provisions also apply to employees employed in the field of transport, unless specific regulations stipulate otherwise. The Government further indicates that the Labour Code does not define the contracts on the seafarers’ work nor the term of “seafarer”; this is regulated by the Law on Maritime Navigation. Noting that it is not clear which national provisions implement Regulation 2.1 and the Code, which is a central element to ensure that seafarers benefit from the protection provided by the Convention, the Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures without delay to give full effect to these provisions of the Convention. The Committee also noted that the standard form of a seafarer’s employment agreement provided by the Government does not include the signature of the shipowner, as required by Standard A2.1, paragraph 1, nor does it contain all the particulars listed under Standard A2.1, paragraph 4. It notes the Government’s explanation that, according to article 67(е), paragraph 4, of the Law on Maritime Navigation, a labour contract with a seafarer shall be signed by an employer or a mediator on behalf and in the name of the employer. The Government further indicates that article 30, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the Labour Code prescribes that a labour contract shall be concluded by an employee and an employer and it shall be deemed concluded when it is signed by both of them. The Committee notes that the Law on Maritime Navigation, the Labour Code and the model seafarers’ employment agreement refer to the signature of the seafarers’ employment agreement by the “employer” (or mediator) and not by the “shipowner”. Recalling the importance of the basic legal relationship that the Convention establishes between the seafarer and the person defined as “shipowner” under Article II of the Convention, the Committee urges the Government to amend the relevant legislation and the standard form agreement to ensure that seafarers have an agreement signed by both the seafarer and the shipowner or a shipowner’s representative, as required under Standard A2.1, paragraph 1. Furthermore, the Committee notes that article 33 of the Labour Code, although prescribing certain particulars for the employment agreements, does not contain the following particulars listed under Standard A2.1, paragraph 4: (g) the termination of agreement and the conditions thereof; (h) namely, the health and social security protection benefits to be provided to the seafarer by the shipowner; and (i) the seafarer’s entitlement to repatriation. These elements have not been included in the model seafarers’ employment agreement. The Committee accordingly once again requests the Government to review the existing legislation and the seafarers’ employment agreement’s standard form in order to give full application to these provisions of the Convention (Standard A2.1, paragraph 1 and Standard A2.1, paragraph 4(b), (g), (h) and (i)).

Regulation 2.1 and Standard A2.1, paragraph 6. Seafarers’ employment agreement. Termination. Shorter notice period for urgent reasons. Recalling that Standard A2.1, paragraph 6, of the Convention foresees that an employment agreement, under certain circumstances, can be terminated at shorter notice or without notice, and that each Member shall ensure that the need of the seafarer to terminate, without penalty, the employment agreement on shorter notice or without notice for compassionate or other urgent reason is taken into account, the Committee requests the Government to indicate how effect is given to these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 2.2 and Standard A2.2, paragraph 5. Wages. Allotments. Noting that there were no provisions regulating the charge for the allotment services in its national legislation, the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to Standard A2.2, paragraph 5. The Committee notes the Government’s reply that this issue is not regulated by the Law on Maritime Navigation. The Committee therefore reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraph 2. Hours of work and hours of rest. The Committee noted the existence of both minimum hours of rest and maximum hours of work regimes in the national legislation. The Committee recalled that Standard A2.3, paragraph 2, of the Convention requires Members to fix either a maximum number of hours of work which shall not be exceeded in a given period of time, or a minimum number of hours of rest which shall be provided in a given period of time. The first option is more favourable for the seafarer than the second. Noting that Standard A2.3, paragraph 2, should not be interpreted as to give shipowners or masters the discretion of selective application, the Committee requested the Government to ensure that the selected regime (either maximum hours of work or minimum hours of rest) is fixed. The Committee notes that the Government does not provide answer to its request. Consequently, the Committee once again requests the Government to take measures to ensure that the selected regime (either maximum hours of work or minimum hours of rest) is fixed in accordance with these provisions of the Convention.

Regulation 2.3 and Standard A2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii). Hours of work and hours of rest. Limits. The Committee noted that while the DMLC Part I prescribes 77 minimum weekly hours of rest, according to article 56 of the Law on Maritime Navigation, the minimum weekly hours of rest are 72. Recalling that Standard A2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii), requires a minimum of 77 weekly hours of rest, the Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures to bring the relevant legislation into conformity with this provision of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law on Maritime Navigation will be brought into conformity with Standard А2.3, paragraph 5(b)(ii) during the next preparation of the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation. The Committee requests the Government to take the requested measures in the near future.

Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2. Entitlement to leave. Shore leave. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that shipowners’ obligation to provide shore leave of seafarers is currently not prescribed. Recalling that, in accordance with Regulation 2.4, paragraph 2, seafarers shall be granted shore leave to benefit their health and well-being and consistent with the operational requirements of their positions, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1. Repatriation. The Committee noted that section 89, paragraphs 1 and 2, of the Law on Maritime Navigation which provides for the different circumstances in which a seafarer is entitled to repatriation, does not cover all the circumstances in which seafarers are entitled to repatriation under the Convention, in particular those provided for in Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 1(a) and (b)(ii). Moreover, regarding the maximum period of service on board a ship, the Committee noted that paragraph 3 of section 89 which provides that “the period of service on the ship after which the seafarer shall be entitled to repatriation shall be determined by the employment contract, but shall not be shorter than 12 months”, is not in conformity with Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 2(b), of the Convention which prescribes that such periods be less than 12 months. Furthermore, concerning paragraph 1 of the Law on Maritime Navigation which provides that if a seafarer disembarks in a port different from the port of embarkation, the shipowner is obliged to provide a return to the port of embarkation and if specified in the contract of employment, to provide a return to the place of permanent or temporary residence, the Committee drew the Government’s attention to Guideline B2.5.1, paragraphs 6 and 7, which provide that seafarers should have the right to choose the place to which they are to be repatriated from among the prescribed destinations which should include the place at which the seafarer agreed to enter into the engagement; the place stipulated by collective agreement; the seafarer’s country of residence or such other place as may be mutually agreed at the time of engagement. The Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures, including by reviewing the corresponding provisions of the Law on Maritime Navigation to ensure conformity with Regulation 2.5 and the related provisions of the Code. Noting the Government’s indication that no changes have been introduced in this respect and that the Government intends to bring the Law on Maritime Navigation into conformity with Standard A2.5.1 during the next preparation of the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation, the Committee reiterates its request and expects that the relevant amendments will be introduced in the near future.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.1, paragraph 3. Repatriation. Prohibition of advance payment and to recover costs from seafarers. The Committee noted that section 90(2) of the Law on Maritime Navigation provides that a shipowner has the right to recover the payment of all costs of the repatriation of seafarers who got off the ship without permission leading to the termination of the employment contract, or who got off the ship due to injury or disease he caused to himself intentionally or through gross negligence. The Committee requested the Government to explain how it ensures that the exceptions to the prohibition for shipowners to recover the cost of repatriation under section 90(2) of the Law on Maritime Navigation are limited to those cases in which the seafarer has been found in accordance with national laws or regulations or other measures or applicable collective bargaining agreements, to be in serious default of the seafarer’s employment obligations. The Committee further requested the Government to indicate the procedure to be followed in this regard and the standard of proof to be applied before a seafarer can be found to be in “serious default of the seafarers’ employment obligations”. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law on Maritime Navigation does not regulate what is considered to be a serious breach of obligations from the seafarers’ labour contract and thus, the provisions of the Labour Code are to be applied. Noting that this information does not answer the point raised in its previous comment, the Committee reiterates its request and urges the Government to indicate the measures taken to give effect to this provision of the Convention.

Regulation 2.5 and Standard A2.5.2. Financial security in the event of abandonment. In relation to the 2014 amendments to the Code of the Convention, the Committee recalls that, pursuant to Standard A2.5.2, the Government shall ensure the provision of an expeditious and effective financial security system to assist seafarers in case of their abandonment. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation is currently under the adoption procedure and will be passed by the end of 2018; this Law will include a number of provisions aimed at introducing the requirements of the 2014 amendments into the Serbian legislation. Hoping that the Law on Amendments will be adopted in the near future, the Committee brings the Government’s attention to the following questions included in the revised report form for the Convention: (a) does national legislation require the provision of an expeditious and effective financial security system to assist seafarers in the event of their abandonment? (if yes, specify if the financial security system was determined after consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations concerned); (b) has your country received requests to facilitate repatriation of a seafarer and, if yes, how did your country respond?; (c) what are the circumstances under which a seafarer is considered abandoned according to national legislation?; (d) does national legislation provide that ships that need to be certified according to Regulation 5.1.3 must carry on board a certificate or other documentary evidence of financial security issued by the financial security provider? (if yes, specify if the certificate or other documentary evidence must contain the information required by Appendix A2-I and has to be in English or accompanied by an English translation, and if a copy must be posted in a conspicuous place on board); (e) does national legislation require that the financial security system is sufficient to cover outstanding wages and other entitlements, all expenses incurred by the seafarer (including the cost of repatriation), and the essential needs of the seafarers, as defined in Standard A2.5.2, paragraph 9?; and (f) does national legislation provide for at least 30 days of notice by the financial security provider to the competent authority of the flag State before the financial security can cease? The Committee requests the Government to reply to the above-mentioned questions, indicating in each case the applicable national provisions. The Committee also requests the Government to provide a copy of a model certificate or other documentary evidence of financial security containing the information required in Appendix A2-I of the Convention (Standard A2.5.2, paragraph 7).

Regulation 3.1 and the Code. Accommodation and recreational facilities. Noting the Government’s indication that the provisions under Title 3 will be applied through the adoption of technical rules for statutory certification of ships, the Committee requested the Government to provide information on any development in that regard. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the procedure of adoption of technical rules for statutory certification of maritime ships is ongoing and that the rules are planned to be adopted by the end of 2018. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to implement Regulation 3 and the Code in the near future.

Regulation 4.1 and Standard A4.1, paragraph 1(d). Medical care on board and ashore. Services provided free of charge. The Committee noted that section 69(2)–(4) of the Law on Maritime Navigation states that shipowners shall provide, free of charge, medical care on board, including basic dental healthcare, and other services for health protection of seafarers working on board, in accordance with the provisions of the law governing healthcare. However, the Committee also noted that section 240(a) of the Law on Health Care states that foreigners shall bear themselves the cost of urgent medical assistance, as well as other kinds of health services provided to them, at their request, unless this law or international agreements provide otherwise. The Committee also noted that there seem to be no provisions regarding the shipowners’ obligation to bear the cost of medical care provided to seafarers while they are landed in a foreign port. Recalling that each Member shall ensure that medical care and health protection services while a seafarer is on board ship or landed in a foreign port are provided free of charge to seafarers, applies to all seafarers on board regardless of their nationality (Standard A4.1, paragraph 1(d)), the Committee requested the Government to indicate how it gives effect to this provision of the Convention. Noting that the no measures have been taken by the Government in this regard, the Committee reiterates its previous requests.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 3. Shipowners’ liability. Incapacity. The Committee noted that paragraph 7(2) of section 69 of the Law on Maritime Navigation provides that when illness or injury cause an inability to work, shipowners shall pay the earnings in whole or in part from the time when the seafarers are repatriated until their recovery. The Committee observed that this provision does not prescribe the percentage of the wages that shall be paid by the shipowner to the seafarer in such circumstance, as provided for in Standard A4.2, paragraph 3(b), of the Convention and requested the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure conformity with this provision of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation, which is currently in the adoption procedure and will be passed by the end of 2018, amends article 69(а). The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the adoption of the amendments and expects they will give full effect to Standard A4.2, paragraph 3(b).

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 7. Shipowners’ liability. Safeguarding of property left on board. Noting the Government’s indication that the shipowners’ obligation in Standard A4.2, paragraph 7 to safeguard the personal property of sick or injured or deceased seafarers and/or to return it to them or their next of kin was not prescribed, the Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure conformity with this provision of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s answer that an alignment of the Law on Maritime Navigation with Standard А4.2, paragraph 7, is foreseen during the next preparation of the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken in this regard.

Regulation 4.2 and Standard A4.2.1 and A4.2.2. Shipowners’ liability. Financial security in the event of death or long-term disability. The Committee noted that article 69(a) of the Law on Maritime Navigation provides that the employer shall conclude an insurance policy or other financial security in order to cover claims for death or injury at work for seafarers. Noting that the insurance policy does not seem to cover long-term disability as provided for in Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(b), the Committee requested the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure conformity with this provision of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law on Amendments to the Law on Maritime Navigation, currently in the adoption procedure, amends article 69(а) in relation to insurances and other financial guarantees for long-term disability of the seafarer. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the adoption of the amendments and expects they will give full effect to Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 1(b). In relation to the 2014 amendments to the Code of the Convention, the Committee recalls that pursuant to Standards A4.2.1 and A4.2.2, national laws and regulations shall provide that the financial security system to assure compensation in the event of the death or long-term disability of seafarers due to an occupational injury, illness or hazard meet certain minimum requirements. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Law amending the Law on Maritime Navigation is currently under the adoption procedure and will be passed by the end of 2018; this Law will include a number of provisions aimed at introducing the requirements of the 2014 amendments into the Serbian legislation. Hoping that the Law on Amendments will be adopted in the near future, the Committee brings the Government’s attention to the following questions included in the revised report form for the Convention: (a) what is the form taken by the system of financial security and was it determined after consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’ organizations concerned?; (b) how do national laws and regulations ensure that the system of financial security meets the following minimum requirements: (i) payment of compensation in full and without delay, (ii) no pressure to accept payment less than the contractual amount, (iii) interim payments (while situation is being assessed) to avoid undue hardship, (iv) offsetting payment against any damages resulting from any other claims made by the seafarer against the shipowner and arising from the same incident, and (v) persons who can bring the claim for contractual compensation (seafarer, her/his next of kin, representative or designated beneficiary)?; (c) does national legislation provide that ships must carry on board a certificate or other documentary evidence of financial security issued by the financial security provider? (if yes, specify if the certificate or other documentary evidence has to contain the information required in Appendix A4-I, be in English or accompanied by an English translation, and if a copy must be posted in a conspicuous place on board); (d) does national legislation provide: (i) for at least 30 days of notice by the financial security provider to the competent authority of the flag State before the financial security can cease; (ii) that the competent authority is notified by the financial security provider if a shipowner’s financial security is cancelled or terminated; and (iii) that seafarers receive prior notification if a shipowner’s financial security is to be cancelled or terminated?; and (e) how does national legislation ensure that effective arrangements are in place to receive, deal with and impartially settle contractual claims relating to compensation in the event of the death or long-term disability of seafarers due to an occupational injury, illness or hazard, through expeditious and fair procedures? The Committee requests the Government to reply to the above-mentioned questions, indicating in each case the applicable national provisions. The Committee also requests the Government to provide a copy of a model certificate or other documentary evidence of financial security containing the information required in Appendix A4-I of the Convention (Standard A4.2.1, paragraph 14).

Regulation 4.3 and the Code. Health and safety protection and accident prevention. The Committee noted the Government’s indication that in order to implement the requirements of Regulation 4.3 and the Code, instructions and national guidelines for improving safety and health at work were planned for adoption in 2016 by the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veteran and Social Issues – Directorate for Safety and Health at Work. The Committee accordingly requests the Government to indicate any progress made in the implementation of these requirements of the Convention.

Regulation 4.5 and the Code. Social security. The Committee requested the Government to provide clarifications regarding whether foreign seafarers residing in the Serbian territory have access to social security protection, mainly regarding medical care and sickness benefit, as required by Standard A4.5, and to indicate the relevant provisions. The Committee further requested the Government to indicate the provisions ensuring that foreign seafarers domiciled in Serbia are entitled to the unemployment benefit. Noting that the Government does not provide answer on these points, the Committee reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 5.1.1 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. General principles. Noting the Government’s indication that technical rules, a report containing information on the objectives, standards and assessment procedures concerning its inspection and certification system, as well as all the relevant documents related to inspection and enforcement and on-board complaints procedures were being prepared, the Committee expressed the hope that those documents will be adopted in the near future. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the procedure of adoption of the technical rules for statutory certification of maritime ships is still ongoing and they are planned to be adopted by the end of 2018. The Committee requests the Government to adopt the necessary measures to implement Regulation 5.1.1 and the Code in the near future.

Regulation 5.1.4 and the Code. Flag State responsibilities. Inspection and enforcement. Noting the Government’s indication that domestic ships of less than 500 gross tonnage engaged in international voyages were not the subject of inspections according to the MLC, 2006, the Committee requested the Government to indicate how it gives effect to Regulation 5.1.4, paragraph 1. Noting that the Government does not provide an answer on this matter, the Committee reiterates its previous request.

Regulation 5.1.4 and Standard A5.1.4, paragraphs 6 and 17. Flag State responsibilities. Inspection and enforcement. Independence of inspectors. Noting the Government’s indication that it had adopted no measures to guarantee that inspectors have a status and conditions of service ensuring that they are independent of changes of government and of improper external influences (Standard A5.1.4, paragraphs 3, 6, 11(a) and 17), the Committee requested the Government to indicate the measures taken to that effect. The Committee notes the Government’s reply that, under the “Rulebook on requirements which must be met by a company managing a ro-ro ship or a fast passenger ship on these ships and conditions in terms of qualification and independence that must be fulfilled by inspectors of a recognized organization who are authorized to inspect domestic and foreign ro-ro ships and fast passenger ships”, the inspector conducting special examinations cannot have commercial interest in the company managing ships subject to inspection nor in any other company managing line transport towards and from the host country or ro-ro passenger ships or fast passenger vessels subject to the inspection. Furthermore, inspectors conducting special examinations cannot be employed with or take over the job on behalf of a non-governmental organization conducting the examinations on behalf of the state, or inspects the ship class or issues the certificates for ro-ro passenger ship or fast passenger vessel. The Committee takes note of this information.

Additional documents to be provided. The Committee further requests the Government to provide the following documents and information: an example of the approved document for seafarers’ record of employment (Standard A2.1, paragraphs 1 and 3); a sample document of the kind of documentation that is accepted or issued with respect to the financial security that must be provided by shipowners (Standard A4.2, paragraph 1(b)); a copy of the document(s) used for reporting unsafe conditions or occupational accidents on board ship (Standard A4.3, paragraph 1(d)).