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Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) - Sao Tome and Principe (Ratification: 1982)

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Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
Article 1(1)(b) of the Convention. Additional ground of discrimination. Disability. The Committee notes that sections 16, 17 and 283(1) of the Labour Code, adopted through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, prohibit discrimination on the ground of disability in employment and occupation. It further notes that, according to sections 283(2) and (3) and 284 of the Labour Code, the State and the employer shall promote adequate measures to enhance the access of persons with disability to employment and vocational training. The Committee also refers to its 2017 observation on the application of the Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159), where it noted that section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities No. 7/2012 establishes a quota system for the employment of persons with disabilities in the public and private sectors.The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of sections 16, 17, 283 and 284 of the Labour Code and section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities, including on their impact on ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment of persons with disabilities in employment and occupation. It further asks the Government to provide statistical information on the number of people with disabilities employed in the public and private sectors, disaggregated by sex.
Article 2. General observation of 2018. The Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to its general observation on discrimination based on race, colour and national extraction which was adopted in 2018. In the general observation, the Committee notes with concern that discriminatory attitudes and stereotypes based on the race, colour or national extraction of men and women workers continue to hinder their participation in education, vocational training programmes and access to a wider range of employment opportunities, resulting in persisting occupational segregation and lower remuneration received for work of equal value. Furthermore, the Committee considers that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and coordinated approach to tackling the obstacles and barriers faced by persons in employment and occupation because of their race, colour or national extraction, and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for all. Such an approach should include the adoption of interlocking measures aimed at addressing gaps in education, training and skills, providing unbiased vocational guidance, recognizing and validating the qualifications obtained abroad, and valuing and recognizing traditional knowledge and skills that may be relevant both to accessing and advancing in employment and to engaging in an occupation. The Committee also recalls that, in order to be effective, these measures must include concrete steps, such as laws, policies, programmes, mechanisms and participatory processes, remedies designed to address prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and tolerance among all sections of the population.
The Committee draws the Government’s attention to its general observation of 2018 and requests the Government to provide information in response to the questions raised in that observation.
Article 5(2). Affirmative action measures. The Committee notes that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that affirmative action measures of a temporary nature for specific disadvantaged groups, for reasons such as sex, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality or ethnic origin, determined by the legislation, are not considered as discrimination.The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of section 19 of the Labour Code, and the adoption and implementation in practice of any affirmative action measures with the objective of ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of employment and occupation. It asks the Government to indicate how it is ensured that any affirmative action measures envisaged is adopted after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, pursuant to Article 5(2) of the Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It is therefore bound to repeat its previous comments.

Repetition
Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Legislative developments. The Committee has been requesting the Government to ensure that the draft General Labour Act, which was under preparation, would include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. The Committee notes with satisfaction the adoption of the Labour Code, through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, and more particularly sections 15–17, which define and prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination in access to employment, vocational training and promotion and working conditions, based on the grounds of ancestry and social origin, race, colour, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, genetic heritage, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality, ethnic origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs and trade union membership. It further notes that section 18 of the Labour Code defines and prohibits both quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment, which is expressly defined as a form of discrimination. It notes that, in accordance with section 20, any employee or jobseeker adversely affected by discriminatory practices would be entitled to receive compensation. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 3(1)(a) and (2) of Act No. 6/2019, the provisions on equality and non-discrimination and sexual harassment at the workplace apply to public employees. In that respect, it further notes the adoption of Act No. 2/2018 of 22 November 2017, amending Act No. 5/1997 on the Civil Service Statute, and more particularly new section 52(B)(1)(e), which provides that civil servants are prohibited from exerting pressure, threatening or harassing other officials or agents or subordinates that may affect the dignity of the person, or include malicious actions.The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the application in practice of sections 15–18 and 20 of the Labour Code, as well as section 52(B)(1)(e) of the Civil Service Statute. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on any concrete measures taken to raise public awareness and understanding of the relevant new legislative provisions, the procedures and remedies available, in particular for employers, workers and the general public. It asks the Government to provide detailed information on the number and nature of cases of direct and indirect discrimination in employment and occupation dealt with by labour inspectors, the courts or any other competent authorities, as well as the sanctions imposed and compensation awarded.
Articles 2 and 3. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women. Policies and institutions. The Committee previously noted the adoption of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG) for 2007–12, dealing with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work, as well as the establishment of the National Institute for the Promotion of Gender Equality and Equity (INPG) under the Ministry of Labour to implement the ENIEG. Referring to its previous request concerning statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, the Committee notes the Government’s general indication, in its report, that such information is not available so far, but that women’s access to decision-making positions and vocational training has improved. The Committee however notes that, according to the latest available statistical information from the National Statistics Institute (2012): the women’s unemployment rate was more than twice as high as that of men (19.7 per cent compared to 9.3 per cent for men), while women’s labour force participation rate was nearly twice as low as men’s (41.3 per cent and 75.4 per cent, respectively), with women being mostly concentrated in low-skilled jobs, such as the unskilled labour force (71 per cent of women), domestic workers (94 per cent) and services or trade (58.9 per cent). It notes that, according to the NSI, women mostly work in the informal economy, which accounts for 75.7 per cent of the economically active population. Furthermore, only 31.1 per cent of women have attained at least a secondary level of education (compared with 45.2 per cent of men). The Committee notes that the Decent Work Country Programme, 2018–21, adopted in July 2018, sets as a specific objective the promotion of productive employment for all, in particular for young persons and women, including by raising awareness and encouraging the transition from the informal to the formal economy, enhancing women’s entrepreneurship and access to vocational training, as well as strengthening the INE. The DWCP further explicitly aims at building this capacity of the tripartite constituents to promote, inter alia, gender equality and non-discrimination. The DWCP refers to the adoption of: (i) a Second National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG II) for 2013–17 which highlights that one of the main challenges is that men and women benefit from equal opportunities to effectively achieve financial autonomy; and (ii) the National Employment Policy (PNE) in 2015, which highlights the importance of decent work and sets as specific objectives to strengthen technical education and vocational training and promote women’s entrepreneurship, and its accompanying Action Plan on Employment and Vocational Training (PANEF), adopted in 2017, both developed in collaboration with the ILO. It also notes with interest the ratification of the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), on 12 June 2017.The Committee asks the Government to provide information on any specific measures taken, particularly in the framework of the ENIEG II, the PNE, the PANEF and the DWCP 2018–21, to effectively enhance women’s economic empowerment and access to the formal economy and vocational training, including in sectors where they are under-represented, and to improve equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women in employment and occupation, in both the public and private sectors, including in collaboration with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Noting that a National Statistical Development Strategy for 2018–21 is currently being implemented, the Committee hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to collect and provide updated statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating the proportion of men and women in the various economic activities, disaggregated by occupational categories and positions, in both the public and private sectors, as well as in the informal economy.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2021, published 110th ILC session (2022)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Article 1(1)(b) of the Convention. Additional ground of discrimination. Disability. The Committee notes that sections 16, 17 and 283(1) of the Labour Code, adopted through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, prohibit discrimination on the ground of disability in employment and occupation. It further notes that, according to sections 283(2) and (3) and 284 of the Labour Code, the State and the employer shall promote adequate measures to enhance the access of persons with disability to employment and vocational training. The Committee also refers to its 2017 observation on the application of the Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159), where it noted that section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities No. 7/2012 establishes a quota system for the employment of persons with disabilities in the public and private sectors. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of sections 16, 17, 283 and 284 of the Labour Code and section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities, including on their impact on ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment of persons with disabilities in employment and occupation. It further asks the Government to provide statistical information on the number of people with disabilities employed in the public and private sectors, disaggregated by sex.

Article 2. General observation of 2018. The Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to its general observation on discrimination based on race, colour and national extraction which was adopted in 2018. In the general observation, the Committee notes with concern that discriminatory attitudes and stereotypes based on the race, colour or national extraction of men and women workers continue to hinder their participation in education, vocational training programmes and access to a wider range of employment opportunities, resulting in persisting occupational segregation and lower remuneration received for work of equal value. Furthermore, the Committee considers that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and coordinated approach to tackling the obstacles and barriers faced by persons in employment and occupation because of their race, colour or national extraction, and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for all. Such an approach should include the adoption of interlocking measures aimed at addressing gaps in education, training and skills, providing unbiased vocational guidance, recognizing and validating the qualifications obtained abroad, and valuing and recognizing traditional knowledge and skills that may be relevant both to accessing and advancing in employment and to engaging in an occupation. The Committee also recalls that, in order to be effective, these measures must include concrete steps, such as laws, policies, programmes, mechanisms and participatory processes, remedies designed to address prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and tolerance among all sections of the population.

The Committee draws the Government’s attention to its general observation of 2018 and requests the Government to provide information in response to the questions raised in that observation.

Article 5(2). Affirmative action measures. The Committee notes that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that affirmative action measures of a temporary nature for specific disadvantaged groups, for reasons such as sex, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality or ethnic origin, determined by the legislation, are not considered as discrimination. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of section 19 of the Labour Code, and the adoption and implementation in practice of any affirmative action measures with the objective of ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of employment and occupation. It asks the Government to indicate how it is ensured that any affirmative action measures envisaged is adopted after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, pursuant to Article 5(2) of the Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2021, published 110th ILC session (2022)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It is therefore bound to repeat its previous comments.

Repetition

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Legislative developments. The Committee has been requesting the Government to ensure that the draft General Labour Act, which was under preparation, would include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. The Committee notes with satisfaction the adoption of the Labour Code, through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, and more particularly sections 15–17, which define and prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination in access to employment, vocational training and promotion and working conditions, based on the grounds of ancestry and social origin, race, colour, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, genetic heritage, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality, ethnic origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs and trade union membership. It further notes that section 18 of the Labour Code defines and prohibits both quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment, which is expressly defined as a form of discrimination. It notes that, in accordance with section 20, any employee or jobseeker adversely affected by discriminatory practices would be entitled to receive compensation. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 3(1)(a) and (2) of Act No. 6/2019, the provisions on equality and non-discrimination and sexual harassment at the workplace apply to public employees. In that respect, it further notes the adoption of Act No. 2/2018 of 22 November 2017, amending Act No. 5/1997 on the Civil Service Statute, and more particularly new section 52(B)(1)(e), which provides that civil servants are prohibited from exerting pressure, threatening or harassing other officials or agents or subordinates that may affect the dignity of the person, or include malicious actions. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the application in practice of sections 15–18 and 20 of the Labour Code, as well as section 52(B)(1)(e) of the Civil Service Statute. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on any concrete measures taken to raise public awareness and understanding of the relevant new legislative provisions, the procedures and remedies available, in particular for employers, workers and the general public. It asks the Government to provide detailed information on the number and nature of cases of direct and indirect discrimination in employment and occupation dealt with by labour inspectors, the courts or any other competent authorities, as well as the sanctions imposed and compensation awarded.

Articles 2 and 3. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women. Policies and institutions. The Committee previously noted the adoption of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG) for 2007–12, dealing with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work, as well as the establishment of the National Institute for the Promotion of Gender Equality and Equity (INPG) under the Ministry of Labour to implement the ENIEG. Referring to its previous request concerning statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, the Committee notes the Government’s general indication, in its report, that such information is not available so far, but that women’s access to decision-making positions and vocational training has improved. The Committee however notes that, according to the latest available statistical information from the National Statistics Institute (2012): the women’s unemployment rate was more than twice as high as that of men (19.7 per cent compared to 9.3 per cent for men), while women’s labour force participation rate was nearly twice as low as men’s (41.3 per cent and 75.4 per cent, respectively), with women being mostly concentrated in low-skilled jobs, such as the unskilled labour force (71 per cent of women), domestic workers (94 per cent) and services or trade (58.9 per cent). It notes that, according to the NSI, women mostly work in the informal economy, which accounts for 75.7 per cent of the economically active population. Furthermore, only 31.1 per cent of women have attained at least a secondary level of education (compared with 45.2 per cent of men). The Committee notes that the Decent Work Country Programme, 2018–21, adopted in July 2018, sets as a specific objective the promotion of productive employment for all, in particular for young persons and women, including by raising awareness and encouraging the transition from the informal to the formal economy, enhancing women’s entrepreneurship and access to vocational training, as well as strengthening the INE. The DWCP further explicitly aims at building this capacity of the tripartite constituents to promote, inter alia, gender equality and non-discrimination. The DWCP refers to the adoption of: (i) a Second National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG II) for 2013–17 which highlights that one of the main challenges is that men and women benefit from equal opportunities to effectively achieve financial autonomy; and (ii) the National Employment Policy (PNE) in 2015, which highlights the importance of decent work and sets as specific objectives to strengthen technical education and vocational training and promote women’s entrepreneurship, and its accompanying Action Plan on Employment and Vocational Training (PANEF), adopted in 2017, both developed in collaboration with the ILO. It also notes with interest the ratification of the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), on 12 June 2017. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on any specific measures taken, particularly in the framework of the ENIEG II, the PNE, the PANEF and the DWCP 2018–21, to effectively enhance women’s economic empowerment and access to the formal economy and vocational training, including in sectors where they are under-represented, and to improve equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women in employment and occupation, in both the public and private sectors, including in collaboration with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Noting that a National Statistical Development Strategy for 2018–21 is currently being implemented, the Committee hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to collect and provide updated statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating the proportion of men and women in the various economic activities, disaggregated by occupational categories and positions, in both the public and private sectors, as well as in the informal economy.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Article 1(1)(b) of the Convention. Additional ground of discrimination. Disability. The Committee notes that sections 16, 17 and 283(1) of the Labour Code, adopted through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, prohibit discrimination on the ground of disability in employment and occupation. It further notes that, according to sections 283(2) and (3) and 284 of the Labour Code, the State and the employer shall promote adequate measures to enhance the access of persons with disability to employment and vocational training. The Committee also refers to its 2017 observation on the application of the Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159), where it noted that section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities No. 7/2012 establishes a quota system for the employment of persons with disabilities in the public and private sectors. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of sections 16, 17, 283 and 284 of the Labour Code and section 27(2) of the Basic Act for Persons with Disabilities, including on their impact on ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment of persons with disabilities in employment and occupation. It further asks the Government to provide statistical information on the number of people with disabilities employed in the public and private sectors, disaggregated by sex.

Article 2. General observation of 2018. The Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to its general observation on discrimination based on race, colour and national extraction which was adopted in 2018. In the general observation, the Committee notes with concern that discriminatory attitudes and stereotypes based on the race, colour or national extraction of men and women workers continue to hinder their participation in education, vocational training programmes and access to a wider range of employment opportunities, resulting in persisting occupational segregation and lower remuneration received for work of equal value. Furthermore, the Committee considers that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and coordinated approach to tackling the obstacles and barriers faced by persons in employment and occupation because of their race, colour or national extraction, and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment for all. Such an approach should include the adoption of interlocking measures aimed at addressing gaps in education, training and skills, providing unbiased vocational guidance, recognizing and validating the qualifications obtained abroad, and valuing and recognizing traditional knowledge and skills that may be relevant both to accessing and advancing in employment and to engaging in an occupation. The Committee also recalls that, in order to be effective, these measures must include concrete steps, such as laws, policies, programmes, mechanisms and participatory processes, remedies designed to address prejudices and stereotypes and to promote mutual understanding and tolerance among all sections of the population.

The Committee draws the Government’s attention to its general observation of 2018 and requests the Government to provide information in response to the questions raised in that observation.

Article 5(2). Affirmative action measures. The Committee notes that section 19 of the Labour Code provides that affirmative action measures of a temporary nature for specific disadvantaged groups, for reasons such as sex, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality or ethnic origin, determined by the legislation, are not considered as discrimination. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the practical application of section 19 of the Labour Code, and the adoption and implementation in practice of any affirmative action measures with the objective of ensuring equality of opportunity and treatment in respect of employment and occupation. It asks the Government to indicate how it is ensured that any affirmative action measures envisaged is adopted after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, pursuant to Article 5(2) of the Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Legislative developments. The Committee has been requesting the Government to ensure that the draft General Labour Act, which was under preparation, would include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. The Committee notes with satisfaction the adoption of the Labour Code, through Act No. 6/2019 of 16 November 2018, and more particularly sections 15–17, which define and prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination in access to employment, vocational training and promotion and working conditions, based on the grounds of ancestry and social origin, race, colour, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, genetic heritage, reduced working capacity, disability or chronic illness, nationality, ethnic origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs and trade union membership. It further notes that section 18 of the Labour Code defines and prohibits both quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment, which is expressly defined as a form of discrimination. It notes that, in accordance with section 20, any employee or jobseeker adversely affected by discriminatory practices would be entitled to receive compensation. The Committee notes that, pursuant to section 3(1)(a) and (2) of Act No. 6/2019, the provisions on equality and non-discrimination and sexual harassment at the workplace apply to public employees. In that respect, it further notes the adoption of Act No. 2/2018 of 22 November 2017, amending Act No. 5/1997 on the Civil Service Statute, and more particularly new section 52(B)(1)(e), which provides that civil servants are prohibited from exerting pressure, threatening or harassing other officials or agents or subordinates that may affect the dignity of the person, or include malicious actions. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the application in practice of sections 15–18 and 20 of the Labour Code, as well as section 52(B)(1)(e) of the Civil Service Statute. The Committee also asks the Government to provide information on any concrete measures taken to raise public awareness and understanding of the relevant new legislative provisions, the procedures and remedies available, in particular for employers, workers and the general public. It asks the Government to provide detailed information on the number and nature of cases of direct and indirect discrimination in employment and occupation dealt with by labour inspectors, the courts or any other competent authorities, as well as the sanctions imposed and compensation awarded.

Articles 2 and 3. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women. Policies and institutions. The Committee previously noted the adoption of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG) for 2007–12, dealing with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work, as well as the establishment of the National Institute for the Promotion of Gender Equality and Equity (INPG) under the Ministry of Labour to implement the ENIEG. Referring to its previous request concerning statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, the Committee notes the Government’s general indication, in its report, that such information is not available so far, but that women’s access to decision-making positions and vocational training has improved. The Committee however notes that, according to the latest available statistical information from the National Statistics Institute (2012): the women’s unemployment rate was more than twice as high as that of men (19.7 per cent compared to 9.3 per cent for men), while women’s labour force participation rate was nearly twice as low as men’s (41.3 per cent and 75.4 per cent, respectively), with women being mostly concentrated in low-skilled jobs, such as the unskilled labour force (71 per cent of women), domestic workers (94 per cent) and services or trade (58.9 per cent). It notes that, according to the NSI, women mostly work in the informal economy, which accounts for 75.7 per cent of the economically active population. Furthermore, only 31.1 per cent of women have attained at least a secondary level of education (compared with 45.2 per cent of men). The Committee notes that the Decent Work Country Programme, 2018–21, adopted in July 2018, sets as a specific objective the promotion of productive employment for all, in particular for young persons and women, including by raising awareness and encouraging the transition from the informal to the formal economy, enhancing women’s entrepreneurship and access to vocational training, as well as strengthening the INE. The DWCP further explicitly aims at building this capacity of the tripartite constituents to promote, inter alia, gender equality and non-discrimination. The DWCP refers to the adoption of: (i) a Second National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (ENIEG II) for 2013–17 which highlights that one of the main challenges is that men and women benefit from equal opportunities to effectively achieve financial autonomy; and (ii) the National Employment Policy (PNE) in 2015, which highlights the importance of decent work and sets as specific objectives to strengthen technical education and vocational training and promote women’s entrepreneurship, and its accompanying Action Plan on Employment and Vocational Training (PANEF), adopted in 2017, both developed in collaboration with the ILO. It also notes with interest the ratification of the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183), on 12 June 2017. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on any specific measures taken, particularly in the framework of the ENIEG II, the PNE, the PANEF and the DWCP 2018–21, to effectively enhance women’s economic empowerment and access to the formal economy and vocational training, including in sectors where they are under-represented, and to improve equality of opportunity and treatment for men and women in employment and occupation, in both the public and private sectors, including in collaboration with employers’ and workers’ organizations. Noting that a National Statistical Development Strategy for 2018–21 is currently being implemented, the Committee hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to collect and provide updated statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating the proportion of men and women in the various economic activities, disaggregated by occupational categories and positions, in both the public and private sectors, as well as in the informal economy.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Legislation. The Committee recalls the need to take the necessary measures to guarantee equality of opportunity and treatment in accordance with the Convention. In this context, the Committee has been requesting the Government to ensure that the draft General Labour Act, which was under preparation, would include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. The Committee notes that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared and submitted to the International Labour Office for its comments. It further notes the Government’s indication that the National Institute for the Promotion of Gender Equality and Equity (INPG) has participated in the elaboration of the draft General Labour Act. The Committee trusts that progress will be made soon in the adoption of the draft General Labour Act and requests the Government to ensure that the new General Labour Act will expressly define and prohibit direct and indirect discrimination, covering at least all the grounds listed in Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention, and all workers and aspects of employment and occupation.

Articles 2 and 3. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women. Policies and institutions. The Committee previously noted that the Government had adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (2010), which also dealt with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. The Government had also indicated that participation of women in education and vocational training was included among its priorities. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the INPG has been established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any recent National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity adopted or envisaged; and on the specific measures taken, including by the INPG, to promote equality between men and women in access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action. The Committee further requests the Government to collect and provide statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.

Article 3(b). Awareness raising. The Committee once again recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee reiterates its requests to the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It must therefore repeat its previous comments.

Repetition
The Committee notes the brief information provided by the Government in reply to its previous comments. Acknowledging the Government’s participation in the ILO Workshop on International Labour Standards and Constitutional Obligations held in September 2013, in Lisbon, the Committee hopes that the assistance provided by the Office will offer additional guidance in the elaboration of the Government’s next report. It hopes that the report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous observation, which read as follows:
Article 1 of the Convention. Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.
Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training is a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new institute for women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:
(i) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;
(ii) information on the establishment and activities of the institute for women, on the specific measures taken to promote women’s equal access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action; and
(iii) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.
Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

The Committee notes the brief information provided by the Government in reply to its previous comments. Acknowledging the Government’s participation in the ILO Workshop on International Labour Standards and Constitutional Obligations held in September 2013, in Lisbon, the Committee hopes that the assistance provided by the Office will offer additional guidance in the elaboration of the Government’s next report. It hopes that the report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous observation, which read as follows:

Repetition
Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.
Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training is a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new institute for women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:
(i) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;
(ii) information on the establishment and activities of the institute for women, on the specific measures taken to promote women’s equal access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action; and
(iii) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.
Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

The Committee notes with regret that for the fifth consecutive year the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.
Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training are a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new Institute for Women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:
(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;
(b) information on the establishment and activities of the Institute for Women, on the specific measures taken to promote women’s equal access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action; and
(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.
Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

The Committee notes with regret that once again the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.
Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training are a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new Institute for Women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:
(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;
(b) information on the establishment and activities of the Institute for Women, on the specific measures taken to promote women’s equal access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action;
(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.
Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2010, published 100th ILC session (2011)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.

Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training are a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new Institute for Women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:

(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;

(b) information on the establishment and activities of the Institute for Women, on the specific measures taken to promote women’s equal access to vocational training and employment in the private and public sectors, and the results obtained by such action;

(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.

Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;

(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. Legislation. The Committee notes from the Government’s report on the application of the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), that a draft General Labour Act has been prepared. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the legislation will include a prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination at all stages of the employment process and on all the grounds listed in Article 1 of the Convention. It requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to this end.

2. Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training are a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new Institute for Women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:

(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;

(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.

3. Awareness raising. The Committee recalls the importance of educational programmes to raise awareness of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any action taken or envisaged to promote understanding and awareness of the principle of equality among workers and employers as well as society at large, including through cooperation with workers’ and employers’ organizations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2007, published 97th ILC session (2008)

2. Policies and institutions. Equality of opportunity and treatment of men and women in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that the Government has adopted a National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity, which also deals with issues relating to women’s equality in the world of work. Further, the Government indicates that participation of women in education and vocational training are a priority of the Government. With a view to strengthening the promotion of women, a new Institute for Women is being established under the Ministry of Labour. The Committee requests the Government to provide the following:

(a) a copy of the National Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity;

(c) statistical information on the participation of men and women in vocational training and the labour market, indicating their levels of participation in the different sectors and occupations.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not reply to the previous comments that requested information on the implementation and impact of the new legislation in promoting equality of opportunity in employment, occupation and training. The Committee wishes to recall that the establishment in law of the principle of equality of opportunity and treatment cannot on its own constitute a national policy within the meaning of Article 2 of the Convention. The implementation of the principle of non-discrimination presupposes the adoption of specific measures designed to correct inequalities observed in practice, such as the ones identified in the Government’s report regarding fewer opportunities of women to have an education and to enrol in vocational training schemes. This imbalance results in women having fewer opportunities in employment and occupation. While the Convention leaves each country to intervene according to the methods which appear to be the most adequate, taking into account national circumstances and customs, the effective implementation of the national policy of equality of opportunity and treatment requires the implementation by the State concerned of appropriate measures, such as advocacy programmes and positive action measures to improve the status of women in society and programmes to improve women’s access to skilled jobs and decision-making positions.

2. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that there is no discrimination; however women have lower levels of qualification, knowledge and fewer opportunities for skilled work. Noting that the Vocational Retraining Unit no longer exists please provide information on the manner in which women are able, along with men, to develop skills and vocational training. The Committee recalls once again that it is important to adopt and implement programmes to promote equality and correct de facto inequalities which may exist in training, employment and conditions of work, such as the one identified in the Government’s report on the basis of sex.

3. The Committee hopes the Government will take the necessary measures referred to above with a view to guaranteeing the effective application of the principle of non-discrimination and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment and will be able to report on those measures and their impact in its next report.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

2. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that there is no discrimination; however women have lower levels of qualification, knowledge and fewer opportunities for skilled work. Noting that the Vocational Retraining Unit no longer exists please provide information on the manner in which women are able, along with men, to develop skills and vocational training. The Committee recalls once again that it is important to adopt and implement programmes to promote equality and correct de facto inequalities which may exist in training, employment and conditions of work, such as the one identified in the Government’s report on the basis of sex.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

2. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that there is no discrimination; however women have lower levels of qualification, knowledge and fewer opportunities for skilled work. Noting that the Vocational Retraining Unit no longer exists please provide information on the manner in which women are able, along with men, to develop skills and vocational training. The Committee recalls once again that it is important to adopt and implement programmes to promote equality and correct de facto inequalities which may exist in training, employment and conditions of work, such as the one identified in the Government’s report on the basis of sex.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

The Committee notes the information in the Government’s brief report. It requests the Government to provide further information in its next report on the following points.

2. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that there is no discrimination; however women have lower levels of qualification, knowledge and fewer opportunities for skilled work. Noting that the Vocational Retraining Unit no longer exists please provide information on the manner in which women are able, along with men, to develop skills and vocational training. The Committee recalls once again that it is important to adopt and implement programmes to promote equality and correct de facto inequalities which may exist in training, employment and conditions of work, such as the one identified in the Government’s report on the basis of sex.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2001, published 90th ILC session (2002)

1. The Committee notes that the Government’s very brief report does not reply to the points raised by the Committee in its previous comments. However, it notes with interest that since the Government’s last report (1991), texts relating to the subject of the Convention have been adopted: Decree No. 69/95 of 31 December 1995 issuing the Statute of the Labour Inspectorate and - on vocational training - Decree No. 28/92 of 10 September 1992 creating a Youth Intensive Training Programme, and the Ordinance of 27 May 1996 of the Ministry of Labour, Vocational Training and Social Security establishing the Vocational Retraining Task Force. The Committee notes that section 8 of Decree No. 69/95 establishes that labour inspectors provide education and guidance to employers and workers, and asks the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that their education and guidance activities include the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation as laid down in the Convention, and to provide a copy of the Inspectorate’s annual report. With regard to the Youth Intensive Training Programme and the Vocational Retraining Task Force, the Committee would appreciate information on the measures taken by the Government to ensure that access to these programmes is free of all discrimination based on the seven grounds banned by the Convention, particularly sex. In this connection, it asks the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that the range of occupations available to women is broad and, above all, free of considerations based on stereotypes and archaic attitudes according to which, for example, certain trades or occupations are reserved for a particular sex (for more details, please refer to paragraph 75 of the 1996 Special Survey on equality in employment and occupation).

2. Lastly, the Committee again asks the Government to provide statistics on (a) the proportion of women in the active population and their distribution by sector of activity and level of qualification; and (b) the number of women employed in the public administration (including women in high-level posts) and their percentage as compared to men.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2000, published 89th ILC session (2001)

1. The Committee notes that the Government’s very brief report does not reply to the points raised by the Committee in its previous comments. However, it notes with interest that since the Government’s last report (1991), texts relating to the subject of the Convention have been adopted: Decree No. 69/95 of 31 December 1995 issuing the Statute of the Labour Inspectorate and - on vocational training - Decree No. 28/92 of 10 September 1992 creating a Youth Intensive Training Programme, and the Ordinance of 27 May 1996 of the Ministry of Labour, Vocational Training and Social Security establishing the Vocational Retraining Task Force. The Committee notes that section 8 of Decree No. 69/95 establishes that labour inspectors provide education and guidance to employers and workers, and asks the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that their education and guidance activities include the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation as laid down in the Convention, and to provide a copy of the Inspectorate’s annual report. With regard to the Youth Intensive Training Programme and the Vocational Retraining Task Force, the Committee would appreciate information on the measures taken by the Government to ensure that access to these programmes is free of all discrimination based on the seven grounds banned by the Convention, particularly sex. In this connection, it asks the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that the range of occupations available to women is broad and, above all, free of considerations based on stereotypes and archaic attitudes according to which, for example, certain trades or occupations are reserved for a particular sex (for more details, please refer to paragraph 75 of the 1996 Special Survey on equality in employment and occupation).

2. Lastly, the Committee again asks the Government to provide statistics on (a) the proportion of women in the active population and their distribution by sector of activity and level of qualification; and (b) the number of women employed in the public administration (including women in high-level posts) and their percentage as compared to men.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes that the Government's very brief report does not reply to the points raised by the Committee in its previous comments. However, it notes with interest that since the Government's last report (1991), texts relating to the subject of the Convention have been adopted: Decree No. 69/95 of 31 December 1995 issuing the Statute of the Labour Inspectorate and -- on vocational training -- Decree No. 28/92 of 10 September 1992 creating a Youth Intensive Training Programme, and the Ordinance of 27 May 1996 of the Ministry of Labour, Vocational Training and Social Security establishing the Vocational Retraining Task Force. The Committee notes that section 8 of Decree No. 69/95 establishes that labour inspectors provide education and guidance to employers and workers, and asks the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that their education and guidance activities include the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation as laid down in the Convention, and to provide a copy of the Inspectorate's annual report. With regard to the Youth Intensive Training Programme and the Vocational Retraining Task Force, the Committee would appreciate information on the measures taken by the Government to ensure that access to these programmes is free of all discrimination based on the seven grounds banned by the Convention, particularly sex. In this connection, it asks the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that the range of occupations available to women is broad and, above all, free of considerations based on stereotypes and archaic attitudes according to which, for example, certain trades or occupations are reserved for a particular sex (for more details, please refer to paragraph 75 of the 1996 Special Survey on equality in employment and occupation).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1998, published 87th ILC session (1999)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes that the Government's very brief report does not reply to the points raised by the Committee in its previous comments. However, it notes with interest that since the Government's last report (1991), texts relating to the subject of the Convention have been adopted: Decree No. 69/95 of 31 December 1995 issuing the Statute of the Labour Inspectorate and - on vocational training - Decree No. 28/92 of 10 September 1992 creating a Youth Intensive Training Programme, and the Ordinance of 27 May 1996 of the Ministry of Labour, Vocational Training and Social Security establishing the Vocational Retraining Task Force. The Committee notes that section 8 of Decree No. 69/95 establishes that labour inspectors provide education and guidance to employers and workers, and asks the Government to indicate the measures taken to ensure that their education and guidance activities include the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation as laid down in the Convention, and to provide a copy of the Inspectorate's annual report. With regard to the Youth Intensive Training Programme and the Vocational Retraining Task Force, the Committee would appreciate information on the measures taken by the Government to ensure that access to these programmes is free of all discrimination based on the seven grounds banned by the Convention, particularly sex. In this connection, it asks the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged to ensure that the range of occupations available to women is broad and, above all, free of considerations based on stereotypes and archaic attitudes according to which, for example, certain trades or occupations are reserved for a particular sex (for more details, please refer to paragraph 75 of the 1996 Special Survey on equality in employment and occupation).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1997, published 86th ILC session (1998)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1996, published 85th ILC session (1997)

The Committee notes with regret that, for the fifth consecutive time, the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes with interest the statistical data on the number of women who attended the first agricultural vocational training course and the number of women selected for the next course for farmers and stockbreeders. The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on any measures taken to encourage the access of women to occupational training and employment on an equal footing with men. If possible, it would appreciate information on the proportion of women in the active population and their distribution by sectors of activity and levels of qualification.

2. The Committee notes the Government's statement that in the public service there are no posts reserved for one or other of the sexes. The Committee asks the Government to provide statistics on the number of women employed in the public administration (including women in posts of responsibility) and on their proportion in relation to men.

3. The Committee notes the Government's indication that the project to create an advisory committee of directors of enterprises has been followed by the creation of a Chamber of Commerce, but that no concrete measures have yet been taken in this respect. The Committee hopes that the Government will continue to provide information in its future reports on the measures taken to ensure the cooperation of employers and their organizations in applying the policy of equality of opportunity and treatment provided for in the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 83rd ILC session (1996)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 82nd ILC session (1995)

The Committee notes with regret that, for the fourth consecutive time, the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1994, published 81st ILC session (1994)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1993, published 80th ILC session (1993)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1992, published 79th ILC session (1992)

The Committee takes due note of the information supplied by the Government in its report in reply to point 4 of the previous direct request, and on the activities of the labour inspectorate.

3. The Committee notes the Government's indication that the project to create an advisory committee of directors of enterprises has been followed by the creation of a Chamber of Commerce, but that no concrete measures have yet been taken in this respect. The Committee hopes that the Government will continue to provide information in its future reports on the measures taken to ensure the cooperation of employers and their organisations in applying the policy of equality of opportunity and treatment provided for in the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1990, published 77th ILC session (1990)

1. The Committee takes note of the information supplied by the Government in its report.

2. The Committee notes with interest the creation of the Centre for Further Technical Training in Agriculture (CATAP) which has provided vocational training in the agricultural sector for some 1,000 workers assigned to production, including small farmers and middle-management staff and/or directors of agricultural undertakings. It notes, from the information supplied by the Government, the admission requirements for these courses. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the number of women who have attended the CATAP courses and to supply statistics showing trends in the number of women who have received training organised through the project "Reorganisation of the CATAP and the training of young farmers".

3. The Committee notes from the Government's reply to its previous comments, the list of posts which are not subject to the usual procedures for the filling of vacant posts. The Committee asks the Government to indicate how the principle of non-discrimination is applied in respect of posts filled by the Services Commission.

4. The Committee notes the Government's statement that Decree No. 61/79 governing the National Employment Centre and Decree No. 36/80 respecting the criteria to be met by workers in competitions for entry and promotion are the only instruments regulating the application of the principle of equality of treatment in the public administration. The Committee notes that no legislative provision specifies that a post or a service must be reserved for one or other of the sexes. It requests the Government to provide any information which may be available concerning the employment of women and men in the administration, at the various grades and levels of the public service.

The Committee also notes that the labour inspection services carry out their activities in all sectors of national life and that they supervise and monitor the application of laws and regulations, while providing instruction and guidance for employers and workers. It requests the Government to provide information on the results obtained, and in particular on any violation of the principle of equality noted by the labour inspectorate and the remedial measures taken.

5. The Committee notes the Government's statement that no collective agreements exist at present, since organisation of the workers is still in its initial phase and the creation of an advisory committee of directors of enterprises is still under study. The Committee refers to paragraphs 185 to 192 of its 1988 General Survey on Equality in Employment and Occupation, concerning the co-operation of employers' and workers' organisations. It requests the Government to provide information on progress made in the establishment of the advisory committee and on any other measures whereby the co-operation of employers' and workers' organisations could be ensured in order to give effect to the provisions of the Convention.

6. The Committee notes the Government's statement that, under the penal law, persons suspected of undermining the security of the State are not subject to administrative measures. They are subject to criminal procedure, appearing before the courts as defendants, and enjoy the guarantees laid down for criminal proceedings with regard to defence. If sentenced, they are entitled to appeal to a higher court. Persons sentenced and who have served their sentence, in accordance with penal law, continue to have access to work under the legislation in force.