Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2023, published 112nd ILC session (2024)

Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) - Fiji (Ratification: 1974)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It is therefore bound to repeat its previous comments.

Repetition

The Committee takes note of the supplementary information provided by the Government in light of the decision adopted by the Governing Body at its 338th Session (June 2020). The Committee proceeded with the examination of the application of the Convention on the basis of the supplementary information received from the Government this year (see Article 4 below), as well as on the basis of the information at its disposal in 2019.

The Committee notes the observations of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) received on 1 September 2019 and of the Fiji Trades Union Congress (FTUC) received on 23 August 2018, and 23 May and 13 November 2019, denouncing massive dismissals of workers, including members of the National Union of Workers (NUW), restrictions on collective bargaining, especially in the public sector and essential services, and lack of progress on the legislative reform. The Committee notes the Government’s reply thereto. In its previous comment, the Committee also requested the Government to provide a reply to the 2016 observations from Education International and the Fiji Teachers’ Union (FTU) concerning the lack of consultation in regard to wages and terms and conditions of employment. The Committee notes the Government’s reply that it has been continuously meeting with representatives of the FTU and the Fijian Teachers’ Association (FTA) in relation to the terms and conditions of employment, including in November 2018 and February 2019.

Article 1 of the Convention. Adequate protection against acts of anti-union discrimination. With reference to the long-standing dispute in relation to the Vatukoula Mining Company (concerning the refusal to recognize a union and the dismissal of striking workers over 20 years ago), the Committee recalls that, in its previous comments, it had noted the Government’s indication that the Vatukoula Social Assistance Trust Fund (VSATF) had been established to benefit around 800 recipients through money grants and assistance for relocation, small and microenterprise development and education for dependants. The Committee noted the completion of a mediation process and requested the Government to supply detailed information on its outcome and the follow-up measures taken to compensate the persons concerned, as well as in relation to the VSATF fund. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that, following the mediation process and keeping in mind that it does not have any legal obligation to compensate the concerned workers, it is considering making an ex gratia payment to the workers in view of resolving their grievances but that this will require Cabinet approval. The Committee observes, however, that the Government does not provide any details as to the actual outcome of the mediation or the use of the VSATF fund. Recalling that this long-standing dispute has caused great hardship to the dismissed workers, the Committee expects that it will be finally and equitably resolved through the implementation of a mutually satisfactory settlement. The Committee requests the Government to supply information on the outcome of the mediation process and any compensation granted to the concerned workers, including any recourse to the VSATF fund. It also invites the Fiji Mine Workers’ Union (FMWU) to provide information on any developments in this regard.

Article 4. Promotion of collective bargaining. In its previous comment, the Committee welcomed the repeal of the Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree, 2011 (ENID) through the adoption of the Employment Relations (Amendment) Act, 2015, as well as the removal of the concept of bargaining units from the Employment Relations Promulgation, 2007 (hereinafter Employment Relations Act (ERA)) through the Employment Relations (Amendment) Act, 2016. The Committee noted with regret however that the abrogation by ENID of the collective agreements in force which it had considered contrary to Article 4, had not been addressed and requested the Government to engage in consultations with the representative national workers’ and employers’ organizations with a view to exploring a mutually satisfactory solution in this respect. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it has provided the necessary conditions under section 149 of the ERA for trade unions and employers’ organizations to engage in good faith employment relations. It indicates that, between 2016 and 2018, there has been successful bargaining between employers and workers resulting in the signing of 63 collective agreements and 59 amendments to collective agreements and that, between August 2019 and September 2020, the Ministry of Employment, Productivity and Industrial Relations registered 20 collective agreements and processed 46 disputes filed by trade unions, including on allegations of failure to engage in negotiations or to implement collective agreements and unfair dismissal of trade union representatives. The Committee observes, however, that, according to the FTUC: (i) all negotiations have been reverted to zero instead of using the abrogated agreements as a basis for discussion; (ii) the topics that can be negotiated in the local Government sector are severely restricted; and (iii) there is a continued refusal of the Government to engage in collective bargaining in the public sector. The FTUC also denounces that all Government-owned entities, including those employing teachers, nurses and civil servants, insist on imposing individual fixed-term contracts without any consultation with the unions, as a way of undermining the right of workers to bargain collectively and achieving the goals of the abrogated ENID. In light of the above, the Committee requests the Government to continue to take concrete measures to facilitate negotiations and promote collective bargaining between workers and employers or their organizations in the public sector so as to create an enabling environment for collective agreements to be concluded in replacement of those abrogated by ENID. It also requests the Government to continue to provide information on the number of collective agreements concluded and in force, the sectors concerned and the number of workers covered by these agreements, as well as on any additional measures undertaken to promote the full development and utilization of collective bargaining under the Convention.

Compulsory arbitration. In its previous comment, the Committee noted that sections 191Q(3), 191(R), 191(S) and 191AA(b) and (c) of the ERA, as amended in 2015, allowed for compulsory conciliation or arbitration and requested the Government to take measures to review the above provisions with a view to their amendment so as to bring the legislation into full conformity with the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the Minister for Employment, Productivity and Industrial Relations conducts compulsory arbitration only where he or she considers that the dispute may be resolved by conciliation and that one such dispute has been resolved through compulsory conciliation in 2018. The Government informs that the Employment Relations Advisory Board (ERAB) will review the relevant laws and consider any appropriate amendments. The Committee recalls once again that compulsory arbitration is contrary to the voluntary nature of collective bargaining and is only acceptable in relation to public servants engaged in the administration of the State (Article 6 of the Convention) or in essential services in the strict sense of the term or in cases of acute national crisis. The Committee expects that the above provisions of the ERA will be reviewed within the ERAB, in accordance with the agreement in the Joint Implementation Report and in consultation with the representative national workers’ and employers’ organizations, with a view to their amendment so as to bring the legislation into full conformity with the Convention.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.