Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

Hungary

Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) (Ratification: 1994)
Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No. 129) (Ratification: 1994)

In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issues relating to the application of ratified Conventions on labour inspection, the Committee considers it appropriate to examine Conventions Nos 81 (labour inspection) and 129 (labour inspection in agriculture) together.

Article 3(1) and (2) of Convention No. 81 and Article 6(1) and (3) of Convention No. 129. Additional functions entrusted to labour inspectors. The Committee previously noted that combating illegal employment was a priority for labour inspection, and that the labour inspection services were regularly associated in joint inspections to eradicate illegal migration, among others, in cooperation with the police and the custom authorities. In this respect, the Committee notes the Government’s reference to the Labour Inspection Act, which entrusts labour inspectors, among other things, with the control of the work and residence permits of foreign workers, and the notification to the immigration police of any decision concerning the infringement of the provisions on the employment of foreign workers (sections 3(1)(i) and 7/A(7) of the Labour Inspection Act).

The Committee once again notes that the Government has not provided the information requested on the role of labour inspectors in granting foreign workers in an irregular situation their due rights resulting from their employment relationship. The Committee recalls that, pursuant to Article 3(1) and (2) of Convention No. 81 and Article 6 of Convention No. 129, the functions of the system of labour inspection shall be to secure the enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in their work, and any further duties which may be entrusted to labour inspectors shall not be such as to interfere with the effective discharge of their primary duties. In this respect it stated in its 2006 General Survey, Labour inspection, paragraph 78, that any function of verifying the legality of employment should have as its corollary the reinstatement of the statutory rights of all the workers if it is to be compatible with the objective of labour inspection, which is to protect the rights and interests of all workers and to improve their working conditions. In this respect, the Committee also recalls that in its 2017 General Survey on certain occupational safety and health instruments, it indicated that workers in a vulnerable situation may not be willing to cooperate with the labour inspection services if they fear negative consequences as a result of inspection activities, such as the loss of their job or expulsion from the country (paragraph 452) or that their complaint will not be kept confidential. The Committee requests the Government to take measures to ensure that the functions assigned to labour inspectors do not interfere with the main objective of labour inspectors to ensure the protection of workers in accordance with labour inspectors’ primary duties as provided for in Article 3(2) of Convention No. 81 and Article 6(3) of Convention No. 129. It also once again requests the Government to indicate the manner in which the labour inspectorate discharges its primary duties in ensuring the enforcement of employers’ obligations with regard to any statutory rights workers may have in an irregular situation for the period of their effective employment relationship. It urges the Government to provide information on the number of cases in which workers found to be in an irregular situation have been granted their due rights, such as the payment of outstanding wages or social security benefits. In addition, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the manner in which it ensures that labour inspectors treat as absolutely confidential the source of any complaint bringing to their notice a defect or breach of legal provisions.

Articles 10 and 16 of Convention No. 81 and Articles 15 and 21 of Convention No. 129. Number of labour inspectors and effectiveness of the labour inspection system. The Committee previously noted a significant decrease in the number of labour inspectors from 696 to 401 between 2008 and 2013. In this respect, the Committee noted that the comments of the workers’ representatives of the Tripartite National ILO Council (included in the Government’s reports) had indicated that this decrease had compromised the efficiency of inspections as shown by the increase in the number of industrial accidents and violations detected in recent years. On the other hand, the Committee noted the Government’s reply to these comments indicating that the increased number of violations detected was in fact a result of the enhanced efficiency of inspections due to the establishment of labour inspection priorities which were determined by annual labour inspection plans (focused on high risk sectors).

The Committee notes with concern from the statistics provided in the Government’s report that the number of labour inspectors continued to decrease to 393 labour inspectors (as of May 2017), and that the number of occupational accidents increased between 2010 and 2016 from 19,948 per year to 23,027. The Committee recalls from its 2017 General Survey on certain occupational safety and health instruments, paragraph 441, that focusing inspections on the most hazardous workplaces must not diminish the overall resource commitment of the labour inspectorate. Noting the significant decline in the number of inspectors since 2008, as well as the increase in the number of occupational accidents reported, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to ensure that the number of labour inspections are adequate to ensure the effective protection of workers. The Committee requests the Government to continue to provide statistical information on the number of labour inspectors, inspection visits, violations detected and penalties imposed. It also requests the Government to continue to provide information on the number of occupational accidents, and to provide an explanation for their increased number in recent years.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.