Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) - Chad (Ratification: 1960)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It must therefore repeat its previous observation which read as follows:

Repetition

The Committee noted in its previous comments that, under section 294(3) of the Labour Code, parents or guardians may oppose the right to organize of young persons under 16 years of age. The Committee recalls once again that Article 2 of the Convention guarantees all workers, without distinction whatsoever, the right to establish and join organizations. The Committee once again expresses the firm hope that section 294(3) of the Labour Code will soon be amended to guarantee the right to organize to minors who have reached the legal minimum age (14 years) for access to the labour market, either as workers or apprentices, without parental or guardian authorization being necessary. The Committee urges the Government to provide information in its next report on all the measures adopted in this regard.

Article 3. Right of workers’ and employers’ organizations to organize their administration and activities in full freedom. The Committee has also noted on many occasions that, under section 307 of the Labour Code, the accounts and supporting documents relating to the financial transactions of trade unions must be submitted without delay to the labour inspector, when so requested. Recalling once again that the inspection by the public authorities of trade union finances should not go beyond the obligation of organizations to submit periodic reports, the Committee trusts that the Government will take the necessary measures to amend section 307 of the Labour Code taking into account the abovementioned principle. The Committee also once again requests the Government to provide a copy of the instructions issued by the Director of Labour and Social Security with regard to the inspection of the financial transactions of trade unions.

With regard to Act No. 008/PR/07 of 9 May 2007 regulating the right to strike in public services, the Committee notes that section 19 gives a broad definition of essential services and includes radio and television broadcasting services and abattoirs. The Committee points out that the principle whereby the right to strike may be limited or even prohibited in essential services would lose all meaning if national legislation defined these services in too broad a manner. As an exception to the general principle of the right to strike, the essential services in which this principle may be entirely or partly waived should be defined restrictively: the Committee therefore considers that essential services are only those the interruption of which would endanger the life, personal safety or health of the whole or part of the population (see General Survey of 1994 on freedom of association and collective bargaining, paragraph 159).

Furthermore, the Committee reiterates its comments on the following provisions of the Act:

• – Section 11(3) of the Act, which imposes the obligation to declare the “possible” duration of a strike. The Committee recalls that, under section 13(1), non-compliance with this condition would result in a strike being declared illegal. Recalling that trade unions should be able to call strikes of unlimited duration and considering that the legislation should be amended to this effect, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures adopted for this purpose.
• – Sections 20 and 21, under which the public authorities (the Minister concerned) have the discretion to determine the minimum services and the number of officials and employees who will ensure that they are maintained in the event of a strike in the essential services enumerated in section 19. In this respect, the Committee recalls once again that such a service should nevertheless meet at least two requirements: (1) firstly, and this aspect is paramount, it must genuinely and exclusively be a minimum service, that is one which is limited to the operations that are strictly necessary to meet the basic needs of the population or the minimum requirements of the service, while maintaining the effectiveness of the pressure brought to bear; and (2) as this system restricts one of the essential means of pressure available to workers to defend their economic and social interests, their organizations should be able, if they so wish, to participate in defining such a service, along with employers and the public authorities. The parties might also envisage the establishment of a joint or independent body responsible for examining rapidly and without formalities the difficulties raised by the definition and application of such a minimum service and empowered to issue enforceable decisions (see General Survey of 1994 on freedom of association and collective bargaining, paragraphs 160 and 161). The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to amend the legislation to ensure that the minimum service is limited to the operations that are strictly necessary to avoid jeopardizing the life or normal living conditions of all or part of the population, that the workers’ organizations concerned are able to participate in defining such a service, along with the employers and the public authorities, and to indicate any progress achieved in this respect.
• – Section 22(1) of the Act, which provides that any refusal by officials or employees to comply with requisition orders (sections 20 and 21) makes them liable to the penalties provided for in sections 100 and 101 of Act No. 017/PR/2001 issuing the general public service regulations. In this regard, the Committee recalls that these legislative provisions describe the degrees of disciplinary penalties to be imposed by order of gravity, but without indicating those which correspond to the different degrees of fault. The Committee once again requests the Government to clarify the scope of penalties for contraventions of legal provisions and also requests it to indicate any other penalties that can be imposed for violations of Act No. 008/PR/2007 regulating the exercise of the right to strike in public services.

The Committee notes the International Trade Union Confederation’s (ITUC) comments of 4 August 2011 addressing legislative issues already raised by the Committee. The Committee notes with regret that the Government has not sent any response to the comments of 2009 and requests it to do so.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.

The Committee also requests the Government to provide its observations in relation to the comments made by the ITUC dated 31 July 2012, concerning the violent repression by the law enforcement authorities of a demonstration in the petroleum sector.

The Committee notes the comments made by the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) on the right to strike, in a communication dated 29 August 2012, which are dealt with in the General Report of the Committee.